A historical colour lithograph of the great columned hall at Karnak, Egypt
← All worldsWorld 01 · 1750–1900

Expedition

From the Arctic to the banks of the Nile. Maps, navigation and the objects that travelled with our desire to go further.

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Stories from this world.

13 stories
Glaisher and Coxwell on either side of the scientific instrument table in a balloon basket

The Table Across the Basket

James Glaisher arranged a laboratory across a balloon basket. On 5 September 1862, his instruments and his body began to fail at different speeds. Henry Coxwell had to bring them down—and the famous seven-mile height had to be worked out afterwards.

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Le Gentil’s small observatory on a raised brick vault beside a flagstaff at Pondicherry

Leaving Manila

Guillaume Le Gentil knew Manila had good observing weather. He left anyway. His voyage account explains the choice that took him to a ruined palace in Pondicherry for the transit of Venus—and records the observation made by the friend he left behind.

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The head, gill cover, scales and pectoral fin of Ctenopoma kingsleyae in an 1896 scientific drawing

Buying Fish for London

Mary Kingsley’s 1895 fish collection had to survive bargaining, a shortage of alcohol and the Ogooué rapids. Three specimens from Kondo-Kondo eventually reached a London museum, where an adult and two young fish helped Albert Günther distinguish a new species.

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A hand-coloured engraving depicting Baret in a red cap, blue jacket and striped trousers, carrying a bundle of plants

Already a Botanist

Jeanne Baret carried plant folders through the Strait of Magellan and kept working after Bougainville’s ships moved on. A Mauritian specimen and an abandoned botanical name help trace the labour behind a collection credited to Philibert Commerson.

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The curved reading scale and brass index arm of a wooden-framed octant

West of the Account

On a homeward voyage in 1762, Nevil Maskelyne measured the Moon against a star. His handheld quadrant supplied the angles; finding the ship’s longitude required a watch, tables and a considerable amount of work afterwards.

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Crossed forks and small objects recovered through Inuit communities

The Weight of a Spoon

Silverware helped John Rae connect Inuit reports to Franklin's missing expedition. In Britain, a critic thought the same forks and spoons made the story harder to believe.

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Whymper's engraving of the Matterhorn seen from the Riffelberg

A Mountain in Profile

Edward Whymper's drawings helped him question the Matterhorn's apparent steepness. Reaching its summit in 1865 required guides to test the mountain at close quarters; explaining the descent would prove harder.

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Catherwood and Warren's lithograph of carved fragments before a forest-covered stepped mound at Copán

Clearing a View

Frederick Catherwood's Copán prints began with cut vegetation, difficult light and the work of Bruno, Francisco and their neighbours. Getting the carvings onto paper was only the first stage in making the ruins into a picture.

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Humboldt and Bonpland’s French plant-geography plate, with a mountain cutaway filled with plant names

Room for Cotopaxi

Humboldt and Bonpland's famous plant-geography plate gathers the equatorial Andes into a single mountain view. Making it meant moving a volcano, calculating heights and fitting a journey's unfinished knowledge onto one sheet.

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Nils Strindberg adjusting a wooden camera on a tripod, with a tent and mountains behind him

The Unfinished Photographs

Nils Strindberg took his camera onto the Arctic pack ice in 1897. No one from the expedition returned to develop the film. Thirty-three years later, John Hertzberg had to find a way to turn the damaged rolls into pictures.

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The rear of H4's gilded movement, with pierced and engraved metalwork over its mechanism

H4, Taken Apart

John Harrison spent years making large clocks for the sea. A watch made by John Jefferys helped him change direction. Inside H4, four springs and a fast-moving balance carried the experiment across the Atlantic; explaining it to other makers required another kind of work.

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A cutaway view of a helmet diver on the wreck of Royal George, connected by hose and lines to a vessel above

Paid by the Tide

At the wreck of HMS Royal George, a diving helmet opened a new workplace. The men below earned their pay in the intervals between strong currents; the men above kept their air, signals and heavy loads moving.

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Another door is open

Nature’s Cabinet

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