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Design

Gjenstander, bilder og materialer formet av ferdighet og fantasi.

Three elaborate lattice shells from the lower row of Plate 31 against a black background

The naturalist and his lithographer

Adolf Giltsch corrected the drawings, taught the students and put Haeckel’s organisms on lithographic stone. One tiny shell, named for a dead wife, shows how much could change on its way to a popular book.

Les historien
A long pale-blue sleeved waistcoat with pink and blue flowers and gold-coloured leaves woven around its opening, hem and pockets

Flowers for Mr Lekeux

Anna Maria Garthwaite’s 1747 waistcoat design told a Spitalfields weaver where to put flowers—and which metal threads to use. The surviving garment, her working books and a dress painted in Philadelphia reveal how much happened between watercolour and cloth.

Les historien
A mahogany chair with a carved ribbon back and flowered embroidered seat, beside part of its companion

Point Out the Number

Thomas Chippendale’s Director offered furniture makers a stock of designs they could alter. A pair of ribbon-back chairs, an Edinburgh maker’s bill and a dissatisfied customer show what happened between the printed page and the finished room.

Les historien
An early Great Wave print, with three boats beneath the curling blue wave and Mount Fuji in the distance

Before the Line Broke

A few gaps in a blue border help order surviving impressions of Hokusai’s Great Wave. They open a history of carved wood, hand printing and colour that changed both in the workshop and afterwards.

Les historien
An open Kelmscott Chaucer, with an ornamental title page facing Chaucer in a garden above two columns of verse

The Subscribers Stayed

William Morris’s Chaucer began with type too large for its pages and grew to include 87 pictures by Edward Burne-Jones. Its subscribers kept their orders while a workshop brought the parts together.

Les historien
White classical figures and a winged child on the dark body of an early Wedgwood Portland Vase

Permission to Improve

Josiah Wedgwood borrowed the Portland Vase, a celebrated Roman glass vessel, in 1786. Copying its figures in pottery required new colours, different ways of making shade and a decision about which imperfections to keep.

Les historien
Workers bending and clamping wooden parts in Thonet's Bistritz workshop

Making Room for a Chair

Michael Thonet's No. 14 could travel as separate wooden curves and become a chair near its buyer. Getting there meant changing the wood, the tools and the people doing the work.

Les historien
The curved body, bridge and sound-holes of Stradivari’s Gould violin

A Little Longer

Stradivari’s surviving forms helped a workshop repeat its work. Matching one to a finished violin takes more than following the outline.

Les historien
A portable glass mosaic of Tivoli in a circular box signed by Raffaelli

Rome at Hand

Giacomo Raffaelli rebuilt an ancient Roman favourite in a circle of glass just twelve centimetres wide. His doves belonged to a trade that let travellers take the city's monuments home, one tiny piece at a time.

Les historien
Catherwood and Warren's lithograph of carved fragments before a forest-covered stepped mound at Copán

Clearing a View

Frederick Catherwood's Copán prints began with cut vegetation, difficult light and the work of Bruno, Francisco and their neighbours. Getting the carvings onto paper was only the first stage in making the ruins into a picture.

Les historien
Joseph-Marie Jacquard sits holding compasses beside a model loom and punched cards in a detailed woven workshop portrait.

A Name Below the Picture

A silk portrait of Joseph-Marie Jacquard was made to impress Paris. The work passed from painter to technical designer to weaver, but the names beneath the image did not tell the whole story.

Les historien
A painted Gothic nave recedes behind the altar of a small church, framed by real statues, marbled walls and a red curtain.

The Parishioners Needed Light

Louis Daguerre's diorama brought theatrical illusion into a village church in 1842. A priest objected to the gathering spectators and the gloom. Later restorers faced a different problem: repairing the canvas without blocking the light.

Les historien
John James Audubon rests his head on one hand, with a gun across his body.

Pea-Green Water

John James Audubon sent his great white heron to London with instructions about everything from the sky to the scales on its feet. Robert Havell had to turn the drawing into a copper plate—and then into hundreds of pictures coloured by hand.

Les historien
An arrangement of patterned leaves, yellow fruits, red plant parts and small bright blue berries.

The Forest Came to the Verandah

Marianne North went to Sarawak to paint tropical plants in their surroundings. Some she found in the forest; others arrived at her verandah. Behind the pictures were boatmen, hosts, collectors and a remarkable amount of carrying.

Les historien
An enlarged eye with its outer shells opened, exposing the transparent lens and labelled interior.

Assembly Instructions for a Human Being

An 1841 catalogue promised a human figure in 129 removable pieces, with reassembly in less than ten minutes. Louis Auzoux’s paper anatomy came with numbered parts, pointing hands and a Normandy workforce trained to know what it was making.

Les historien
Three early Brendel botanical models on pale wooden stands, including a tall pink Colchicum flower.

Botany Out of Season

Botany lectures needed flowers in an order the seasons would not supply. From two overcrowded cupboards in Breslau grew the Brendel trade in enlarged teaching plants, including a meadow saffron whose roots needed correcting.

Les historien
A wax head and neck with the skull opened to show the brain, vessels and branches of nerves running through the face.

After the Dissection

A porter carrying cadavers through Florence could find nowhere to stop with his basket. His deliveries supplied the workshop where Clemente Susini and his collaborators turned short-lived dissections into wax anatomy for students, emperors and museums.

Les historien
A pale translucent glass jellyfish with branching mouth arms below its bell.

Who Pays When Glass Animals Break?

In 1883, the British Museum complained about six damaged glass animals. Leopold Blaschka blamed the unpacking. His Dresden workshop had made marine life legible for a classroom; getting it there intact was another matter.

Les historien
The squared Monolith block lying on temporary rails, with people beside it and a timber structure above.

A Million Points in Granite

A walking transport frame, a bargain with the city and thirteen years of carving: how Gustav Vigeland’s Monolith reached the centre of an extraordinary park.

Les historien

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